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Also known as: SFN, Broccoli Sprout Extract
The most potent natural Nrf2 activator, unlocking the body's antioxidant defense system — with evidence for neuroprotection, cancer prevention, and detoxification support.
Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate compound found primarily in broccoli sprouts (50-100x more than mature broccoli). It is the most potent natural activator of the Nrf2 pathway — the master regulator of the body's antioxidant and detoxification defenses.
Nrf2 is normally kept inactive by Keap1 in the cytoplasm. Sulforaphane modifies Keap1, releasing Nrf2 to enter the nucleus and activate ARE (Antioxidant Response Element) genes. This triggers production of:
Fresh broccoli sprouts contain myrosinase enzyme, which converts glucoraphanin → sulforaphane. Supplements often lack myrosinase. Solutions:
Sulforaphane modifies Keap1 cysteine residues (C151), disrupting Keap1-Nrf2 binding. Freed Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus, binds ARE promoter regions, and transcribes 200+ cytoprotective genes. It also directly inhibits NF-κB, HDAC (epigenetic modification), and Phase I enzymes that activate carcinogens.
Typical Dose
10-40mg
Frequency
Daily
Cycle Length
Ongoing
Half-Life
~2-3 hours (but gene expression lasts 24-72h)
Multiple clinical trials including cancer prevention, autism, and air pollution detoxification (Johns Hopkins). Strong epidemiological and mechanistic evidence.
Extremely safe — it's from broccoli. GI discomfort with very high doses. Rarely, thyroid concerns with extreme cruciferous intake (theoretical). Safe for long-term daily use. Suitable for all ages.
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