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Also known as: HA, Hyaluronan, Sodium Hyaluronate
A glycosaminoglycan that holds 1000x its weight in water — declining sharply with age, contributing to joint degeneration, skin aging, and reduced tissue hydration throughout the body.
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found in connective tissue, skin, eyes, and synovial fluid. A 70kg adult contains ~15g of HA, with one-third turning over daily. Production declines ~50% by age 50, contributing to visible aging and joint deterioration.
Historically, oral HA was dismissed as "too large to absorb." Recent research demonstrates that:
| Route | Best For | Onset | Duration | |---|---|---|---| | Topical (serum) | Surface skin hydration | Hours | While applied | | Oral (supplement) | Systemic — skin, joints, eyes | 4-8 weeks | Continuous | | Injectable (filler) | Deep wrinkles, volume | Immediate | 6-18 months | | Injectable (joint) | Osteoarthritis | 1-2 weeks | 3-6 months |
HA binds water molecules (up to 1000x its weight) in the extracellular matrix, providing tissue hydration and viscoelastic cushioning. It interacts with CD44 and RHAMM receptors to regulate cell migration, proliferation, and inflammation. In joints, it provides boundary lubrication and shock absorption. In skin, it maintains dermal water content and turgor.
Typical Dose
120-240mg
Frequency
Daily (oral)
Cycle Length
Ongoing
Half-Life
~3-5 minutes (plasma), but tissue effects persist
Multiple RCTs for skin hydration and joint health. FDA-approved injectable forms for OA (Synvisc, Hyalgan) and dermal filling. Oral supplementation RCTs published in major journals.
Extremely safe. No significant adverse effects in any clinical trial. GRAS status. Oral HA well-tolerated. Injectable: rare allergic reactions. Compatible with virtually all other supplements and medications.
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